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Rabu, 20 Maret 2013
Senin, 12 Desember 2011
Tragedy Rawagede 9 december 1947( tragedi rawagede 9 desember 1947 versi bahasa inggris)
Chronological History of Tragedy Massacre Rawagede
The tragedy is chronological Rawagedeh the Dutch army massacre in 1947 when the first Dutch military aggression that resulted in about 430 - Rawagedeh's population died. The families tried to ask for justice due to the Court treated the Dutch Netherlands, and without thought to their lawsuit in a local court granted, of course it is encouraging the families of victims because the business has been finally able to get a little taste of justice. Many people who do not know really what and how events Rawagede Massacre Historical Tragedy. We try to provide some information about this event.Chronology History of Tragedy Massacre is massacre murder Rawagede Rawagede Village (located in the Village Balongsari, Rawamerta, Falkirk) is located between Karachi and Jakarta by the Dutch army when his first military aggression on December 9, 1947. As a result of these events as much as 431 people died.Before the Renville agreement is signed, the Dutch Army joined in Division one or Division also called December 7 to do the cleaning unit of troops and Indonesian freedom fighters who fought against the Dutch. In the area of operations in Karachi, the Dutch army is hunting down the Captain Luke Kustario Siliwangi which is the Company Commander and Battalion Commander also became Tajimalela / Brigade Siliwangi Division II. He repeatedly and successfully attacked the patrol Dutch military posts. Also in this region also Rawagede many Indonesian soldiers and fighters.
On December 9, 1947, one day after the negotiating Renville. Dutch soldiers surrounded the village and searched every house Rawagede. But they did not find any guns there. Then the Dutch army is gathering all the inhabitants in the open field. Male population was told to line up, and asked where the fighters and the Indonesian Army. Tentapi none of the residents who say their existence.Then due to the silence of the population, the leader of the Dutch soldiers ordered to shoot to death the whole male population, both old and adolescents. Some people managed to escape to the forest, although many are hurt badly because of exposed tempakan. Dutch soldiers shot dead by strafe with a machine gun without mercy. Because the event was around 431 people were killed Rawagede. Actually, the death toll of more than 431, because many corpses are swept away into the river due to flooding and heavy rain.The next day the Dutch troops left the village. The women who are still alive to bury the bodies of the male population with simple equipment. Since it is not able to dig too deep, the body covered with pieces of wood and some use the leaves of the door and then the soil covering, potluck, consequently still smell the smell of dead bodies for several days.Furthermore, many multiple versions and chronology of the history of this tragedy Rawagede massacre. Then to the death toll is still being debated many historians. Regarding the number of deaths, some sources refer to different numbers. According to the book De Excessennota, Dutch soldiers executed approximately 20 residents, the total number of victims killed during the operation 150 inhabitants. While on a stone memorial in the Heroes Cemetery Sampurnaraga, the death toll in Rawagede on December 9, 1947 was 431 souls.
The story of the tragedy of living legend Rawagede :
The old mother occasionally blinked and rubbed his eyes with a rag that held in the left hand. Sitting jostling with other mothers peer under the hood with the scorching sun blinding did not make her feel anxious or feel like to go home shelter at home.He just looked straight ahead, toward the podium rather, where the Regent Falkirk, West Java Province, Ade Voice gave a short speech and then followed by the Netherlands Ambassador to Indonesia, Tjeerd de Zwaan. Then her eyes filled with tears."I was pregnant three months when she saw her husband was shot by Dutch troops," Wanti (85 years), the mother of old, who began to talk."Initially all the men were ordered out of the house, and told to march. Keep their head shot with a rifle Dutch troops, only women and children who escaped," he said, wiping tears with a rag in her hand.Wanti told after the shooting that took place that morning, he and other mothers began looking for the bodies to their husbands. Armed with sophisticated tools, the remaining villagers started digging the ground to bury the bodies of their families. Because it uses simple tools and a hole dug well is not deep, then smelled the smell of dead bodies for days in the village.Wanti is one of six people from the village of Rawagede widow who demanded the Dutch government for the massacre that occurred on December 9, 1947, or when the Dutch military aggression to Indonesia after the archipelago declared independence in 1945.In the area of operations in Karachi, the Dutch army captain Luke Kustario actual hunt, Siliwangi Company Commander who was with his troops to attack the Dutch army known cunning. Luke believed to be hiding in Kampung Rawagede.Told, because they do not find Captain Luke, then the Dutch army ordered all the male population, including teenagers in the village were lined up and strafe them with machine guns. An estimated 431 people have died from the shooting.Years later, a veteran Dutch soldiers who do not want to be named from the village of Wamel, a village in the province Gerderland, East Netherlands, sent a letter to the victims of the tragedy Rawagede contents as follows:"From the Swamp Gedeh Dutch troops were fired upon. So it was decided to beat up the village to be a lesson for lain.Saat villages surrounded Gedeh Swamp night. Those who try to leave the village, killed without sound (attack, pressed into the water until it sinks; their head was hit with rifle butts, etc.) Hour and a half six in the morning, when it began to noon, the village fired on with mortars. Men, women and children who would otherwise escape should be killed: all of them were shot dead. After the village was burned, the Dutch troops occupied the region . The villagers are left then collected, squat, with hands folded behind his neck. Only a few are left. Holland Marsh assume Gedeh has received pelajarannya.Semua man shot dead by Army troops, called the Kingdom. All the women were shot dead, while the Dutch state democratically. All the children were shot dead ".Dutch ApologizesSince 2006, a group calling itself the National Committee for Dignity Nations Defenders Indonesia (KNPMBI) together with the widows, victims and witnesses of the massacre in Rawagede demanded an apology and compensation from the Government of the Netherlands. Liesbeth Zegveld of the law firm Böhler became their lawyer.On 14 September 2011, the Court of The Hague Dutch government declared guilty, and must be responsible. The Dutch government was ordered to pay compensation to victims and their families. According to the victim's attorney, the amount of compensation per person by 20 thousand euros, or about Rp240 million.Finally, when tragedy Rawagede 64-year anniversary on Friday (December 9, 2011), the Dutch ambassador to Indonesia, Tjeerd De Zwaan said on behalf of the government's apology to victims of tragedy Rawagede."Today we commemorate the Village Balongsari family members who died 64 years ago when the Dutch military aggression. I on behalf of the Dutch government apologizes for the tragedy," said the Dutch ambassador to Indonesia, Tjeerd de Zwaan during the commemoration of 64 years following the massacre Rawagede Tragedy Balongsari Village on Friday.Zwaan said Rawagede event is a sad thing and a striking example of how the relationship between Indonesia and the Netherlands at that time (in 1947) running in the wrong direction."Each of you must have its own way to cope with bitter memories of the tragedy Rawagede. I hope that by reflecting together on the event, we can move together into the future and work together closely and productively," said Zwaan.Towards the door Other CasesDefenders of the National Committee General Chairman of Indonesian Dignity (KNPMBI) Batara R Hutagalung said besides the tragedy of the massacre in the village Rawagede (West Java), which killed 431 civilians, there are still many cases of other massacres committed during the military aggression Dutch army in Indonesia in 1945-1950 ."In South Sulawesi province, malignancy Dutch army under the leadership of Raymond" Turk "Westerling conducted in December 1946 claimed 40,000 lives," said Batara.Batara said Westerling and his deeds, especially the army that massacred villagers galung Lombok and surrounding villages can escape from the demands of human rights violations because the actual terror acts are called "contra-guerilla", get "license to kill" (license to kill) from Lieutenant General Spoor and Deputy Governor-General Dr. van Mook, for fear of resistance against the occupation army masyarakatlokal Netherlands."So who is actually responsible for the massacre of the people of South Sulawesi is the Government and the Dutch Armed Forces," he said.In addition to an investigation into the massacre in South Sulawesi, Batara also urged the Dutch government de jure recognize the independence of the Republic of Indonesia official date ie August 17, 1945."From the point of history, which is recognized by the Dutch government of the Republic of Indonesia States on December 27, 1949. It was disbanded on 16 August 1950 and August 17, 1950 restated the founding of the Republic of Indonesia. Now the Dutch government has diplomatic relations with the Republic of Indonesia . So if it is not recognized as well, I think it's been so violated diplomatic etiquette, "he said.According to him, the Dutch may have a dilemma to recognize Indonesia's independence date for when this happens, it means the country's military aggression in the archipelago that occurred between 1945 to 1950 was the attack on a sovereign state."Indonesia can only sue the Netherlands for war crimes during the five years and the party responsible for all crimes that could be submitted to the International Court," he said.
Indeed Rawagede massacre in War Crimes:
Recently circulated a recent book written by Peter Schumacher the title 'Ogenblikken genezing van, van de geweldadige dekolonisatie Indonesie'. Translation: The moments of healing, violence in the process of decolonization in Indonesia '. Here's his explanation why he used the term 'genezing' or healing.Peter Schumacher: "That quote from the statement of a correspondent of the Netherlands, Henk van Maurik, who got an assignment to cover the 'Politionele Actie'. He was also wanted to know the mindset of the Indonesian side. "Henk van Maurik new understanding of why there is so much violence and especially the attitude of Indonesia, when it gets a chance to speak with a freedom fighter in South Sulawesi. He called the occasion as 'ogenblikken van genezing'. And the naming of Peter Schumacher borrowed for the title of his book.Although it sounds a bit hesitant at first, Peter Schumacher is currently assessing the Netherlands had recovered from the melee stance and injured in the process of decolonization. Decolonization period of 60 years ago, are long gone. Now, my own knowledge about it and expanded my understanding of the process the better.Peter Scvhumacher: "The process has been almost forgotten. All this has been born two or three new generations. Many of them can practically do not even know exactly where Indonesia again. "Thus, in the end, Peter Schumacher agreed that the Dutch had recovered from the trauma of decolonization.War CriminalsIn matters relating to acts of violence or murder during the war, the Dutch knew of two terms: 'oorlogmisdaad' or war crimes and 'exces' or excesses.Peter Schumacher: "Different 'oorlogmisdaad' with 'exces' is: 'oorlogmisdaad' knowingly executes, as adopted by the Germans and Russians."According to Peter Schumacher is currently difficult to accept such war crimes. But things like that, in the decolonization process, occurring in Indonesia. Being 'exces' is a conflict that goes out of control. With the result, more victims fall that could have been avoided. And this also happens in Indonesia. Peter Schumacher assess what oeh Captain Raymond Westerling in South Sulawesi, and the case of the massacre in Rawagede is a war crime.ExpiryDutch government and the courts judge cases of war crimes committed by the Dutch army in Indonesia has expired. According to Peter Schumacher is more a matter of law.Peter Schumacher: "Of this there are two ordinances, issued by the Dutch and Indonesia, in 1949."Two ordinance shall contain provisions to the Dutch and Indonesia will not be questioned anymore violations. So, it is an agreement of both parties.Now there are those who try to bring up this issue, and trying to demand compensation, while the Dutch government declared this case had expired. According to Peter Schumacher himself, cases like this can not be raised again brought up, because, in the past to the two sides have stated this will not bring up the subject again.Sorry StatementNow the Netherlands has admitted that the process of decolonization occurred many war crimes committed by their military forces in Indonesia.However, about whether or not the Dutch formally filed apology in Indonesia, Peter Schumacher somewhat ambivalent attitude. On the one hand, he declared, of course, it's something that can still be done by the Dutch. The problem is, if this is done, and then used as the basis of legal arguments by the parties that demanded in return for compensation, the impact will extend much further.Peter Schumacher: "The parties in the Netherlands could also claim damages in Indonesia, because they were also deliberately killed many Dutch people."Thus, if the Indonesian side should also ask Sorry? After all, if the Dutch proposed apology, it will open up opportunities for many parties in the Netherlands to also put forward similar demands on the part of Indonesia. And this, again affairs to legal experts.The interest in IndonesiaTo the question, why, interest parties in Indonesia in matters related to the decolonization process is minimal?Peter Schumacher: "What is clear, the Indonesian side emerged victorious war. Also in the matter of West Irian, Indonesia won. Furthermore, the Indonesia more preoccupied with the affairs of everyday life. "For many people of Indonesia, this issue is really the history of the past. Maybe this is interesting for a handful of historians. Interest in temporary quarters in the Netherlands during the decolonization mainly because of feelings of guilt, about the past. And it may also be the cause of differences in attitudes among the public in the Netherlands and in Indonesia.An Anonymous Letter From butcher RawagedeAn anonymous letter reached the hands of Dutch Honorary Debts Committee (KUKB) in the Netherlands. The letter was not delivered by mail, but given someone who claimed to receive from a war veteran. Its contents show a sketch of regret a Dutch soldier who allegedly participated in the killing of Rawagede.Swamp Wamel GedehI can not mention my name, but I can tell you what really happened in the village of SWAMP Gedeh.You know, between the years 1945 - 1949, we tried to retake our colonies in Southeast Asia. For that from 1945 to 1949, about 130,000 Dutch soldiers were sent to the former Dutch East Indies, now Indonesia. There occurs the following:In West Java, east of Batavia, in the area Krawang, there is the village of Rawa Gedeh. From the Swamp Gedeh Dutch troops were fired upon. So it was decided to beat up the village to be a lesson to other villages.Gedeh Swamp at night surrounded. Those who tried to leave the village, killed without sound (attack, pressed into the water until it sinks; their head was hit with rifle butts, etc.)At half six in the morning, when it began to noon, the village with mortar fire. Men, women and children who would otherwise escape should be killed: all of them were shot dead. Hundreds of them.After the village was burned, the Dutch troops occupied the region. The remaining villagers were then gathered, squat, with hands folded behind his neck. Only a few left. Swamp Gedeh has received the 'lesson'.All the men were shot to death - even though we named 'Royal Army'.All the women were shot to death - even though we come from democratic countries.All children were shot to death - even though we are Christian soldiers mengakunya advent Week 1947.Now I remembered Swamp Gedeh day and night, and it makes my head hurt and my tears burned my eyes, especially when I think of the children whose arms are too short to fold his hands behind his neck, and their eyes widened, fear and do not understand.I can not mention my name, because this information is not favored certain circles.But perhaps of Wamel, instead of Wamel, will appear initiative. I do not know how.
The tragedy is chronological Rawagedeh the Dutch army massacre in 1947 when the first Dutch military aggression that resulted in about 430 - Rawagedeh's population died. The families tried to ask for justice due to the Court treated the Dutch Netherlands, and without thought to their lawsuit in a local court granted, of course it is encouraging the families of victims because the business has been finally able to get a little taste of justice. Many people who do not know really what and how events Rawagede Massacre Historical Tragedy. We try to provide some information about this event.Chronology History of Tragedy Massacre is massacre murder Rawagede Rawagede Village (located in the Village Balongsari, Rawamerta, Falkirk) is located between Karachi and Jakarta by the Dutch army when his first military aggression on December 9, 1947. As a result of these events as much as 431 people died.Before the Renville agreement is signed, the Dutch Army joined in Division one or Division also called December 7 to do the cleaning unit of troops and Indonesian freedom fighters who fought against the Dutch. In the area of operations in Karachi, the Dutch army is hunting down the Captain Luke Kustario Siliwangi which is the Company Commander and Battalion Commander also became Tajimalela / Brigade Siliwangi Division II. He repeatedly and successfully attacked the patrol Dutch military posts. Also in this region also Rawagede many Indonesian soldiers and fighters.
On December 9, 1947, one day after the negotiating Renville. Dutch soldiers surrounded the village and searched every house Rawagede. But they did not find any guns there. Then the Dutch army is gathering all the inhabitants in the open field. Male population was told to line up, and asked where the fighters and the Indonesian Army. Tentapi none of the residents who say their existence.Then due to the silence of the population, the leader of the Dutch soldiers ordered to shoot to death the whole male population, both old and adolescents. Some people managed to escape to the forest, although many are hurt badly because of exposed tempakan. Dutch soldiers shot dead by strafe with a machine gun without mercy. Because the event was around 431 people were killed Rawagede. Actually, the death toll of more than 431, because many corpses are swept away into the river due to flooding and heavy rain.The next day the Dutch troops left the village. The women who are still alive to bury the bodies of the male population with simple equipment. Since it is not able to dig too deep, the body covered with pieces of wood and some use the leaves of the door and then the soil covering, potluck, consequently still smell the smell of dead bodies for several days.Furthermore, many multiple versions and chronology of the history of this tragedy Rawagede massacre. Then to the death toll is still being debated many historians. Regarding the number of deaths, some sources refer to different numbers. According to the book De Excessennota, Dutch soldiers executed approximately 20 residents, the total number of victims killed during the operation 150 inhabitants. While on a stone memorial in the Heroes Cemetery Sampurnaraga, the death toll in Rawagede on December 9, 1947 was 431 souls.
The story of the tragedy of living legend Rawagede :
The old mother occasionally blinked and rubbed his eyes with a rag that held in the left hand. Sitting jostling with other mothers peer under the hood with the scorching sun blinding did not make her feel anxious or feel like to go home shelter at home.He just looked straight ahead, toward the podium rather, where the Regent Falkirk, West Java Province, Ade Voice gave a short speech and then followed by the Netherlands Ambassador to Indonesia, Tjeerd de Zwaan. Then her eyes filled with tears."I was pregnant three months when she saw her husband was shot by Dutch troops," Wanti (85 years), the mother of old, who began to talk."Initially all the men were ordered out of the house, and told to march. Keep their head shot with a rifle Dutch troops, only women and children who escaped," he said, wiping tears with a rag in her hand.Wanti told after the shooting that took place that morning, he and other mothers began looking for the bodies to their husbands. Armed with sophisticated tools, the remaining villagers started digging the ground to bury the bodies of their families. Because it uses simple tools and a hole dug well is not deep, then smelled the smell of dead bodies for days in the village.Wanti is one of six people from the village of Rawagede widow who demanded the Dutch government for the massacre that occurred on December 9, 1947, or when the Dutch military aggression to Indonesia after the archipelago declared independence in 1945.In the area of operations in Karachi, the Dutch army captain Luke Kustario actual hunt, Siliwangi Company Commander who was with his troops to attack the Dutch army known cunning. Luke believed to be hiding in Kampung Rawagede.Told, because they do not find Captain Luke, then the Dutch army ordered all the male population, including teenagers in the village were lined up and strafe them with machine guns. An estimated 431 people have died from the shooting.Years later, a veteran Dutch soldiers who do not want to be named from the village of Wamel, a village in the province Gerderland, East Netherlands, sent a letter to the victims of the tragedy Rawagede contents as follows:"From the Swamp Gedeh Dutch troops were fired upon. So it was decided to beat up the village to be a lesson for lain.Saat villages surrounded Gedeh Swamp night. Those who try to leave the village, killed without sound (attack, pressed into the water until it sinks; their head was hit with rifle butts, etc.) Hour and a half six in the morning, when it began to noon, the village fired on with mortars. Men, women and children who would otherwise escape should be killed: all of them were shot dead. After the village was burned, the Dutch troops occupied the region . The villagers are left then collected, squat, with hands folded behind his neck. Only a few are left. Holland Marsh assume Gedeh has received pelajarannya.Semua man shot dead by Army troops, called the Kingdom. All the women were shot dead, while the Dutch state democratically. All the children were shot dead ".Dutch ApologizesSince 2006, a group calling itself the National Committee for Dignity Nations Defenders Indonesia (KNPMBI) together with the widows, victims and witnesses of the massacre in Rawagede demanded an apology and compensation from the Government of the Netherlands. Liesbeth Zegveld of the law firm Böhler became their lawyer.On 14 September 2011, the Court of The Hague Dutch government declared guilty, and must be responsible. The Dutch government was ordered to pay compensation to victims and their families. According to the victim's attorney, the amount of compensation per person by 20 thousand euros, or about Rp240 million.Finally, when tragedy Rawagede 64-year anniversary on Friday (December 9, 2011), the Dutch ambassador to Indonesia, Tjeerd De Zwaan said on behalf of the government's apology to victims of tragedy Rawagede."Today we commemorate the Village Balongsari family members who died 64 years ago when the Dutch military aggression. I on behalf of the Dutch government apologizes for the tragedy," said the Dutch ambassador to Indonesia, Tjeerd de Zwaan during the commemoration of 64 years following the massacre Rawagede Tragedy Balongsari Village on Friday.Zwaan said Rawagede event is a sad thing and a striking example of how the relationship between Indonesia and the Netherlands at that time (in 1947) running in the wrong direction."Each of you must have its own way to cope with bitter memories of the tragedy Rawagede. I hope that by reflecting together on the event, we can move together into the future and work together closely and productively," said Zwaan.Towards the door Other CasesDefenders of the National Committee General Chairman of Indonesian Dignity (KNPMBI) Batara R Hutagalung said besides the tragedy of the massacre in the village Rawagede (West Java), which killed 431 civilians, there are still many cases of other massacres committed during the military aggression Dutch army in Indonesia in 1945-1950 ."In South Sulawesi province, malignancy Dutch army under the leadership of Raymond" Turk "Westerling conducted in December 1946 claimed 40,000 lives," said Batara.Batara said Westerling and his deeds, especially the army that massacred villagers galung Lombok and surrounding villages can escape from the demands of human rights violations because the actual terror acts are called "contra-guerilla", get "license to kill" (license to kill) from Lieutenant General Spoor and Deputy Governor-General Dr. van Mook, for fear of resistance against the occupation army masyarakatlokal Netherlands."So who is actually responsible for the massacre of the people of South Sulawesi is the Government and the Dutch Armed Forces," he said.In addition to an investigation into the massacre in South Sulawesi, Batara also urged the Dutch government de jure recognize the independence of the Republic of Indonesia official date ie August 17, 1945."From the point of history, which is recognized by the Dutch government of the Republic of Indonesia States on December 27, 1949. It was disbanded on 16 August 1950 and August 17, 1950 restated the founding of the Republic of Indonesia. Now the Dutch government has diplomatic relations with the Republic of Indonesia . So if it is not recognized as well, I think it's been so violated diplomatic etiquette, "he said.According to him, the Dutch may have a dilemma to recognize Indonesia's independence date for when this happens, it means the country's military aggression in the archipelago that occurred between 1945 to 1950 was the attack on a sovereign state."Indonesia can only sue the Netherlands for war crimes during the five years and the party responsible for all crimes that could be submitted to the International Court," he said.
Indeed Rawagede massacre in War Crimes:
Recently circulated a recent book written by Peter Schumacher the title 'Ogenblikken genezing van, van de geweldadige dekolonisatie Indonesie'. Translation: The moments of healing, violence in the process of decolonization in Indonesia '. Here's his explanation why he used the term 'genezing' or healing.Peter Schumacher: "That quote from the statement of a correspondent of the Netherlands, Henk van Maurik, who got an assignment to cover the 'Politionele Actie'. He was also wanted to know the mindset of the Indonesian side. "Henk van Maurik new understanding of why there is so much violence and especially the attitude of Indonesia, when it gets a chance to speak with a freedom fighter in South Sulawesi. He called the occasion as 'ogenblikken van genezing'. And the naming of Peter Schumacher borrowed for the title of his book.Although it sounds a bit hesitant at first, Peter Schumacher is currently assessing the Netherlands had recovered from the melee stance and injured in the process of decolonization. Decolonization period of 60 years ago, are long gone. Now, my own knowledge about it and expanded my understanding of the process the better.Peter Scvhumacher: "The process has been almost forgotten. All this has been born two or three new generations. Many of them can practically do not even know exactly where Indonesia again. "Thus, in the end, Peter Schumacher agreed that the Dutch had recovered from the trauma of decolonization.War CriminalsIn matters relating to acts of violence or murder during the war, the Dutch knew of two terms: 'oorlogmisdaad' or war crimes and 'exces' or excesses.Peter Schumacher: "Different 'oorlogmisdaad' with 'exces' is: 'oorlogmisdaad' knowingly executes, as adopted by the Germans and Russians."According to Peter Schumacher is currently difficult to accept such war crimes. But things like that, in the decolonization process, occurring in Indonesia. Being 'exces' is a conflict that goes out of control. With the result, more victims fall that could have been avoided. And this also happens in Indonesia. Peter Schumacher assess what oeh Captain Raymond Westerling in South Sulawesi, and the case of the massacre in Rawagede is a war crime.ExpiryDutch government and the courts judge cases of war crimes committed by the Dutch army in Indonesia has expired. According to Peter Schumacher is more a matter of law.Peter Schumacher: "Of this there are two ordinances, issued by the Dutch and Indonesia, in 1949."Two ordinance shall contain provisions to the Dutch and Indonesia will not be questioned anymore violations. So, it is an agreement of both parties.Now there are those who try to bring up this issue, and trying to demand compensation, while the Dutch government declared this case had expired. According to Peter Schumacher himself, cases like this can not be raised again brought up, because, in the past to the two sides have stated this will not bring up the subject again.Sorry StatementNow the Netherlands has admitted that the process of decolonization occurred many war crimes committed by their military forces in Indonesia.However, about whether or not the Dutch formally filed apology in Indonesia, Peter Schumacher somewhat ambivalent attitude. On the one hand, he declared, of course, it's something that can still be done by the Dutch. The problem is, if this is done, and then used as the basis of legal arguments by the parties that demanded in return for compensation, the impact will extend much further.Peter Schumacher: "The parties in the Netherlands could also claim damages in Indonesia, because they were also deliberately killed many Dutch people."Thus, if the Indonesian side should also ask Sorry? After all, if the Dutch proposed apology, it will open up opportunities for many parties in the Netherlands to also put forward similar demands on the part of Indonesia. And this, again affairs to legal experts.The interest in IndonesiaTo the question, why, interest parties in Indonesia in matters related to the decolonization process is minimal?Peter Schumacher: "What is clear, the Indonesian side emerged victorious war. Also in the matter of West Irian, Indonesia won. Furthermore, the Indonesia more preoccupied with the affairs of everyday life. "For many people of Indonesia, this issue is really the history of the past. Maybe this is interesting for a handful of historians. Interest in temporary quarters in the Netherlands during the decolonization mainly because of feelings of guilt, about the past. And it may also be the cause of differences in attitudes among the public in the Netherlands and in Indonesia.An Anonymous Letter From butcher RawagedeAn anonymous letter reached the hands of Dutch Honorary Debts Committee (KUKB) in the Netherlands. The letter was not delivered by mail, but given someone who claimed to receive from a war veteran. Its contents show a sketch of regret a Dutch soldier who allegedly participated in the killing of Rawagede.Swamp Wamel GedehI can not mention my name, but I can tell you what really happened in the village of SWAMP Gedeh.You know, between the years 1945 - 1949, we tried to retake our colonies in Southeast Asia. For that from 1945 to 1949, about 130,000 Dutch soldiers were sent to the former Dutch East Indies, now Indonesia. There occurs the following:In West Java, east of Batavia, in the area Krawang, there is the village of Rawa Gedeh. From the Swamp Gedeh Dutch troops were fired upon. So it was decided to beat up the village to be a lesson to other villages.Gedeh Swamp at night surrounded. Those who tried to leave the village, killed without sound (attack, pressed into the water until it sinks; their head was hit with rifle butts, etc.)At half six in the morning, when it began to noon, the village with mortar fire. Men, women and children who would otherwise escape should be killed: all of them were shot dead. Hundreds of them.After the village was burned, the Dutch troops occupied the region. The remaining villagers were then gathered, squat, with hands folded behind his neck. Only a few left. Swamp Gedeh has received the 'lesson'.All the men were shot to death - even though we named 'Royal Army'.All the women were shot to death - even though we come from democratic countries.All children were shot to death - even though we are Christian soldiers mengakunya advent Week 1947.Now I remembered Swamp Gedeh day and night, and it makes my head hurt and my tears burned my eyes, especially when I think of the children whose arms are too short to fold his hands behind his neck, and their eyes widened, fear and do not understand.I can not mention my name, because this information is not favored certain circles.But perhaps of Wamel, instead of Wamel, will appear initiative. I do not know how.
History of Struggle for Independence of the Republic of Indonesia(sejarah perang kemerdekaan indonesia versi bahasa inggris)
History of Struggle for Independence of the Republic of Indonesia
History of Struggle Indonesian nation.
a. History of Struggle Nations.The journey of Indonesian history that began in the era before and during the colonial era continued to seize and maintain independence through the independence era, created the conditions and according to different demands of his time. Different conditions and demands are addressed by the Indonesian nation based on common values kejuangan national spirit which constantly growing and developing based on the spirit, determination and spirit of nationalism. All of them grow into a force capable of pushing the realization process in the container Homeland Archipelago.b. Before the era of colonization.Since the year 400 AD until the year 1617, the kingdoms on Earth Persada Nusantara is the kingdom of Kutai, Tarumanegara, Srivijaya, Kediri, Singasari, Majapahit, Ocean Pasai, Aceh, Demak, Mataram, Goa and other Iainnya, a royal- the largest empire the Earth Persada throughout the archipelago. The value contained in the era before the occupation is the people who are obedient and loyal to his king to stem the invaders and uphold the dignity and sovereignty as a nation independent monarchy in the archipelago.c. During the era of colonization.The Indonesian nation colonized by foreign nations beginning in 1511 until 1945 the Portuguese, Dutch, English and Japanese. During the colonization event that stands out is in 1908, known as the First National Awakening Movement, the birth of Budi Utomo organization movement, spearheaded by Dr. And Dr. Sutomo. Wahidin Sudirohusodo, And 20 years later on October 28, 1928 marked the birth of the Youth Oath as the starting point of public awareness to the nation of Indonesia, where sons and daughters of Indonesia vowed: "ONE nation, landless AIR ONE, AND ONE LANGUAGE: INDONESIA". This pledge statement has a value very strategic objectives in the future unity and integrity of Indonesia. Niiai contained during the occupation is Self-esteem, solidarity, unity and integrity, and national identity.d. Seizing and Maintaining Independence era.Starting from 1942 until the year 1949, which at the date of March 8, 1948 the Dutch surrendered unconditionally to the Japanese! Alui Kalijati Agreement. During the Japanese occupation ¬ young women were trained in the Indonesia military in order to help Japan win the Greater East Asia War. The training is through Seinendan, Heiho, maps etc., so that youth Indonesia already has a military stock. On August 15, 1945 Japan surrendered to the Allies caused the atomic bombed city of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. The defeat of Japan to the Allies and the power vacuum that occurred in Indonesia in the best possible use by the youth of Indonesia to seize independence. With the fighting spirit that does not know surrender is based on faith and piety to God the Almighty, and sincerity sacrifice has been burned into the souls of the youth and people of Indonesia to win its independence, which was proclaimed on August 17, 1945 by Soekarno-Hatta. After independence the Indonesian nation must face the Netherlands who want to re-colonize Indonesia by launching military action in 1948 (First Dutch Military Action) and 1948 (Dutch Second Military Action), and Madison PKI rebellion masterminded by Muso and Amir Syarifuddin in 1948. Seize and defend the independence era contain the fighting spirit of the most rich and complete as is the culmination point in the war of Independence August 17, 1945. Kejuangan values contained in seizing and maintaining independence 'is as follows:1. Value kejuangan relegius (faith and piety to God the Almighty).2. Kejuangan values willingly and voluntarily sacrifice.3. Kejuangan knows no surrender value.4. Kejuangan value of self-esteem.5. Value kejuangan confidence.6. Kejuangan values persist.7. Value kejuangan patriotism.8. Value kejuangan heroism.9. Kejuangan feeling of shared values and sepenanggungan.10. Value kejuangan solidarity.11. Value to the struggle of nationalism and love of water tahah12. Kejuangan value of unity and oneness.e. Charge Independence era.At the beginning of the independence arise various problem, among others, arising as much as 27 times the turn of the cabinet and the various rebellions-pemberontakan'i like: DIITII, APRA, RMS, Andi Azis Kahar Muzakar, PRRI / Permesta, etc. as well as the occurrence of irregularities in the state organization which raised the Presidential Decree on July 5, 1959 to return to the 1945 Constitution, the deviation y'ang very basic view of life is to transform the nation into Communist ideology Pancasila Indonesia, with the outbreak G30S/PKI events. These events can be eliminated thanks to the military struggle at that time the people together, then the birth of the New Order is returned to the new order of life by implementing Pancasila and 1945 Constitution and the consequent mummies. During the New Order development goes well, people's living level per capita rises, but the mentality of the people administering the state and less well so that the resulting corruption, collusion and nepotism (KKN) result in a financial crisis, economic crisis and financial crisis, and finally there was a crisis of confidence which is marked by the decline of Leadership Nationally, the condition that the source of the trigger social upheaval. These conditions addressed by the student with the actions and demands of "Reform", which is essentially the reform is the change in an orderly, planned, directed and do not modify / subvert the fundamental values that are contained in the era of complete independence is the spirit and determination to achieve the nation , alleviate poverty and combat underdevelopment, independence, mastery of science and technology and high competitiveness based on Pancasila and 1945 Constitution so it's ready to face the 21st century the era of globalization.From the description above that the history of the struggle of the nation has a role in contributing niJai-niiai kejuangan in defending the nation and the independence to remain intact and the establishment of the Unitary Republic of Indonesia INDONESIA SINGLE ONE.The Nation Menegara process.Menegara nation process is a process that gives an overview of how the formation of the nation, where a group of people who are in it to feel as part of the nation and the establishment of the state is an organization that embodies the nation and is felt by the nation's interests, so that the growing awareness to maintain straight and intact state through the efforts of the State Defense. State-Defense in an effort to be performing well if it created the mindset, attitudes and acts / behavior of a civilized nation as encouragement / motivation of the desire to realize the State Defense as follows: The Cultured Nations, meaning the nation is willing to carry out a relationship with the creator "God "called Religion; Nations who want to try, to make ends meet is called Economics; Nations Want The Associated With the environment, related to each other and the natural surroundings is called the Social; Nations Want The Associated With Power, called the Political Nation The Tranquility Want Safe and Prosperous Living, associated with a sense of caring and tranquility and comfort of living in a country called the Defense and Security.In modern times the country lazim_ya oJeh justified assumptions or views of humanity. Similarly, according to the Indonesian nation, as defined in the Preamble of the 1945 First Paragraph, the existence of the Unitary Republic of Indonesia is that independence is the right of all nations so that colonization, as opposed to humanity and justice should be abolished. If the "proposition" inj our theoretical analysis, then live in groups "good society, nation and state should not reflect the exploitation of fellow human beings (occupation) must be humane and must berperikeadilan. This is the most fundamental theoretical justification of the Indonesian nation about the state. The second thing that requires an analysis is that liberty is the right of all nations, why in practice often arise manifold concept of nationhood which can sometimes contradictory. Different concepts of the state based on ideological thinking is the main cause, so we need to understand the philosophy of the meaning of constitutional freedom or independence of a nation in relation to ideology. Yet in its application to modern times, the theory is in fact not universally followed people. We know many people who claim the same territory, as did many governments are demanding the same nation. People then assume that the recognition of other nations, requires a mechanism that allows it is commonly called the proclamation of independence of a country.The development of this kind of thinking influence the debate within PPKI, both within countries and regions discussed in formulating the 1945 Constitution which was actually planned as a manuscript proclamation. Therefore it is a fact also that none of Indonesian citizens who do not consider that there is a Unitary State of Republic of Indonesia at the time of the Proclamation of August 17, 1945, although there are those who argue mainly different overseas under the pretext of a universal theory ....
Photo soekarno, Hatta and Syahrir When captive dutch :
After the second police action in December 1948, three Republican leaders of this young Dutch captured and exiled to the island of Bangka,
Official travel photo minister 1947:
The illustration above is the official travel of the Minister of Minister of the Republic when reviewing front of East Java. They are waiting for the train at the station Mojokerto that will bring back to Jogjakarta. No official travel money, no VIP lounge. From left to right, Mr. Tan Po Goan (Minister of State), Mr.. Amir Syarifuddin (Defence Minister), Agus Yemen (Board Liaison), Mr.Maria Ulfah (Minister of Social Affairs), Dr.Johannes Leimena (Minister of Health), Mr. Ali Budiardjo (Secretary of State), Adnan Kapau Gani (Minister of Prosperity) and Sutan Syahrir (Prime Minister)
The fighters Indonesia Photo Developing Strategy:
Photo of the president's visit to the community soekarno:
Photo Bung Karno welcomes guests Arrival Country:
Bung Karno's Indonesia Intellectual Leaders:
Bung Karno Photo Warrior Nation Indonesia Joint Leaders:
Photo of Bung Hatta In exile:
Photo Fighters Indonesia That being fought:
Photo Bung Tomo In a speech to evoke the spirit of the freedom fighters:
Photo Bung Tomo Family Together:
The photograph of General Sudirman with Suharto
Manuscript and the reading of the proclamation of independence of the republic Indonesia:
History of Struggle Indonesian nation.
a. History of Struggle Nations.The journey of Indonesian history that began in the era before and during the colonial era continued to seize and maintain independence through the independence era, created the conditions and according to different demands of his time. Different conditions and demands are addressed by the Indonesian nation based on common values kejuangan national spirit which constantly growing and developing based on the spirit, determination and spirit of nationalism. All of them grow into a force capable of pushing the realization process in the container Homeland Archipelago.b. Before the era of colonization.Since the year 400 AD until the year 1617, the kingdoms on Earth Persada Nusantara is the kingdom of Kutai, Tarumanegara, Srivijaya, Kediri, Singasari, Majapahit, Ocean Pasai, Aceh, Demak, Mataram, Goa and other Iainnya, a royal- the largest empire the Earth Persada throughout the archipelago. The value contained in the era before the occupation is the people who are obedient and loyal to his king to stem the invaders and uphold the dignity and sovereignty as a nation independent monarchy in the archipelago.c. During the era of colonization.The Indonesian nation colonized by foreign nations beginning in 1511 until 1945 the Portuguese, Dutch, English and Japanese. During the colonization event that stands out is in 1908, known as the First National Awakening Movement, the birth of Budi Utomo organization movement, spearheaded by Dr. And Dr. Sutomo. Wahidin Sudirohusodo, And 20 years later on October 28, 1928 marked the birth of the Youth Oath as the starting point of public awareness to the nation of Indonesia, where sons and daughters of Indonesia vowed: "ONE nation, landless AIR ONE, AND ONE LANGUAGE: INDONESIA". This pledge statement has a value very strategic objectives in the future unity and integrity of Indonesia. Niiai contained during the occupation is Self-esteem, solidarity, unity and integrity, and national identity.d. Seizing and Maintaining Independence era.Starting from 1942 until the year 1949, which at the date of March 8, 1948 the Dutch surrendered unconditionally to the Japanese! Alui Kalijati Agreement. During the Japanese occupation ¬ young women were trained in the Indonesia military in order to help Japan win the Greater East Asia War. The training is through Seinendan, Heiho, maps etc., so that youth Indonesia already has a military stock. On August 15, 1945 Japan surrendered to the Allies caused the atomic bombed city of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. The defeat of Japan to the Allies and the power vacuum that occurred in Indonesia in the best possible use by the youth of Indonesia to seize independence. With the fighting spirit that does not know surrender is based on faith and piety to God the Almighty, and sincerity sacrifice has been burned into the souls of the youth and people of Indonesia to win its independence, which was proclaimed on August 17, 1945 by Soekarno-Hatta. After independence the Indonesian nation must face the Netherlands who want to re-colonize Indonesia by launching military action in 1948 (First Dutch Military Action) and 1948 (Dutch Second Military Action), and Madison PKI rebellion masterminded by Muso and Amir Syarifuddin in 1948. Seize and defend the independence era contain the fighting spirit of the most rich and complete as is the culmination point in the war of Independence August 17, 1945. Kejuangan values contained in seizing and maintaining independence 'is as follows:1. Value kejuangan relegius (faith and piety to God the Almighty).2. Kejuangan values willingly and voluntarily sacrifice.3. Kejuangan knows no surrender value.4. Kejuangan value of self-esteem.5. Value kejuangan confidence.6. Kejuangan values persist.7. Value kejuangan patriotism.8. Value kejuangan heroism.9. Kejuangan feeling of shared values and sepenanggungan.10. Value kejuangan solidarity.11. Value to the struggle of nationalism and love of water tahah12. Kejuangan value of unity and oneness.e. Charge Independence era.At the beginning of the independence arise various problem, among others, arising as much as 27 times the turn of the cabinet and the various rebellions-pemberontakan'i like: DIITII, APRA, RMS, Andi Azis Kahar Muzakar, PRRI / Permesta, etc. as well as the occurrence of irregularities in the state organization which raised the Presidential Decree on July 5, 1959 to return to the 1945 Constitution, the deviation y'ang very basic view of life is to transform the nation into Communist ideology Pancasila Indonesia, with the outbreak G30S/PKI events. These events can be eliminated thanks to the military struggle at that time the people together, then the birth of the New Order is returned to the new order of life by implementing Pancasila and 1945 Constitution and the consequent mummies. During the New Order development goes well, people's living level per capita rises, but the mentality of the people administering the state and less well so that the resulting corruption, collusion and nepotism (KKN) result in a financial crisis, economic crisis and financial crisis, and finally there was a crisis of confidence which is marked by the decline of Leadership Nationally, the condition that the source of the trigger social upheaval. These conditions addressed by the student with the actions and demands of "Reform", which is essentially the reform is the change in an orderly, planned, directed and do not modify / subvert the fundamental values that are contained in the era of complete independence is the spirit and determination to achieve the nation , alleviate poverty and combat underdevelopment, independence, mastery of science and technology and high competitiveness based on Pancasila and 1945 Constitution so it's ready to face the 21st century the era of globalization.From the description above that the history of the struggle of the nation has a role in contributing niJai-niiai kejuangan in defending the nation and the independence to remain intact and the establishment of the Unitary Republic of Indonesia INDONESIA SINGLE ONE.The Nation Menegara process.Menegara nation process is a process that gives an overview of how the formation of the nation, where a group of people who are in it to feel as part of the nation and the establishment of the state is an organization that embodies the nation and is felt by the nation's interests, so that the growing awareness to maintain straight and intact state through the efforts of the State Defense. State-Defense in an effort to be performing well if it created the mindset, attitudes and acts / behavior of a civilized nation as encouragement / motivation of the desire to realize the State Defense as follows: The Cultured Nations, meaning the nation is willing to carry out a relationship with the creator "God "called Religion; Nations who want to try, to make ends meet is called Economics; Nations Want The Associated With the environment, related to each other and the natural surroundings is called the Social; Nations Want The Associated With Power, called the Political Nation The Tranquility Want Safe and Prosperous Living, associated with a sense of caring and tranquility and comfort of living in a country called the Defense and Security.In modern times the country lazim_ya oJeh justified assumptions or views of humanity. Similarly, according to the Indonesian nation, as defined in the Preamble of the 1945 First Paragraph, the existence of the Unitary Republic of Indonesia is that independence is the right of all nations so that colonization, as opposed to humanity and justice should be abolished. If the "proposition" inj our theoretical analysis, then live in groups "good society, nation and state should not reflect the exploitation of fellow human beings (occupation) must be humane and must berperikeadilan. This is the most fundamental theoretical justification of the Indonesian nation about the state. The second thing that requires an analysis is that liberty is the right of all nations, why in practice often arise manifold concept of nationhood which can sometimes contradictory. Different concepts of the state based on ideological thinking is the main cause, so we need to understand the philosophy of the meaning of constitutional freedom or independence of a nation in relation to ideology. Yet in its application to modern times, the theory is in fact not universally followed people. We know many people who claim the same territory, as did many governments are demanding the same nation. People then assume that the recognition of other nations, requires a mechanism that allows it is commonly called the proclamation of independence of a country.The development of this kind of thinking influence the debate within PPKI, both within countries and regions discussed in formulating the 1945 Constitution which was actually planned as a manuscript proclamation. Therefore it is a fact also that none of Indonesian citizens who do not consider that there is a Unitary State of Republic of Indonesia at the time of the Proclamation of August 17, 1945, although there are those who argue mainly different overseas under the pretext of a universal theory ....
Photo soekarno, Hatta and Syahrir When captive dutch :
After the second police action in December 1948, three Republican leaders of this young Dutch captured and exiled to the island of Bangka,
Official travel photo minister 1947:
The illustration above is the official travel of the Minister of Minister of the Republic when reviewing front of East Java. They are waiting for the train at the station Mojokerto that will bring back to Jogjakarta. No official travel money, no VIP lounge. From left to right, Mr. Tan Po Goan (Minister of State), Mr.. Amir Syarifuddin (Defence Minister), Agus Yemen (Board Liaison), Mr.Maria Ulfah (Minister of Social Affairs), Dr.Johannes Leimena (Minister of Health), Mr. Ali Budiardjo (Secretary of State), Adnan Kapau Gani (Minister of Prosperity) and Sutan Syahrir (Prime Minister)
Photo Soekarno & Haji Agus Salim:
President Sukarno along with Foreign Minister Haji Agus Salim in the struggle for recognition of the independence of the Republic of Indonesia
Photo of discussion when the freedom fighters:
The fighters Indonesia Photo Developing Strategy:
Photo of the president's visit to the community soekarno:
Photo Bung Karno welcomes guests Arrival Country:
Bung Karno's Indonesia Intellectual Leaders:
Bung Karno Photo Warrior Nation Indonesia Joint Leaders:
Photo of Bung Hatta In exile:
Photo Fighters Indonesia That being fought:
Photo Bung Tomo In a speech to evoke the spirit of the freedom fighters:
Photo Bung Tomo Family Together:
The photograph of General Sudirman with Suharto
History of Jakarta and Museum Jakarta( sejarah jakarta dan museum jakarta)
History of Jakarta
Jayakarta name was changed to Batavia. Batavia is the natural state of swampy country like the Netherlands, their homeland. They also build canals to protect Batavia from the threat of flooding. City government activities are centered around the field, located about 500 meters from the airport. They built elegant town hall, which is the position of the center of the city government of Batavia. Gradually the city developed to the south of Batavia. The rapid growth resulted in a state lilngkungan easily damaged, so the Dutch authorities forced the government to move the center of the higher lying areas. This area called Weltevreden. The spirit of nationalism in Indonesia decides to by students in Batavia at the beginning of the 20th century.
A historic decision in 1928 which triggered the Youth Pledge statement contains three items, namely landless water one, one nation, and upholding the national language: Indonesian. During the Japanese occupation period (1942-1945), the name changed again to Jakarta Batavia. On August 17, 1945 Ir. Proclamation of Independence read Sukarno of Indonesia in Jakarta and the Saka Red and White for the first time flown. Indonesia's sovereignty was officially recognized in 1949. At that time Indonesia is also a member of the United Nations (UN). In 1966, the capital Jakarta to obtain official name the Republic of Indonesia. This prompted the pace of construction of government office buildings and embassies of friendly countries. The rapid development requires a master plan to manage the growth of the city. Since 1966, Jakarta grown steadily into a modern metropolis. The following cultural richness of dynamic growth is a significant contribution to Jakarta to be one of the leading metropolis in the 21st century.* The 14th century as a port named Sunda Kelapa Pajajaran Kingdom.* June 22, 1527 by Fatahilah, changed its name to Jayakarta (the date is set as the anniversary of Jakarta city while No. DPR decision. 6/D/K/1956).* March 4, 1621 by the Dutch government for the first time a town called Batavia Stad.* 1 April 1905 changed its name to 'Gemeente Batavia'.* January 8, 1935 changed its name to Gemeente Batavia Stad.* August 8, 1942 by Japanese renamed Jakarta Stores Betsu Shi.* September 1945 the city was named the National Government of Jakarta City.* February 20, 1950 in the Government. Federal Pre Gemeente changed its name to Batavia Stad.* March 24, 1950 was changed to City Praj'a Jakarta.* January 18, 1958 the position of Brussels as an autonomous region called Djakarta Raya Township.* In 1961 the PP. 2 of Law No. 1961 jo. 2 PNPS 1961 established the Regional Government of Andhra Pradesh.* August 31, 1964 by Act no. 10 in 1964 declared the Special Region of Andhra Pradesh remained as the capital of the Republic of Indonesia with the name of Jakarta.* Tahun1999, melalaui uu no 34 year 1999 about specific areas of the provincial government of the Republic of Indonesia's capital Jakarta, as the government turns into the city administration, with otoniminya remain at provincial level and not on wilyah city, but it wiolyah dki Jakarta is divided into 6 (5 municipalities and one district administrative thousand islands)* Act No. 29 of 2007 regarding the Government of the Province of Special Capital Region of Jakarta as the Capital of Republic of Indonesia (State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia Year 2005 Number 140, Additional State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia Number 4700)
History Museum Jakarta
Fatahillah, the Founder of White RoseJakarta
History Museum (MSJ), better known as Fatahillah Museum, because it
lies within the region and at the same Fatahillah Demak commemorate the
soldiers who won the Palm Sunda and rename the White Rose city.At first, the city is named Sunda Kalapa. Based on the inscription written Kebon Coffee, name Sunda Kalapa expected to appear in the tenth century. Residential area is rapidly developing into the port which is then visited by many foreign ships.In
1522 the Portuguese governor Alfonso d 'Albuquerque sent messengers to
meet the king Pakuan Pajajaran to make lasting friendships.King
Pakuan Pajajaran take steps cooperation offered to obtain assistance
from the Portuguese in order to face the threat of the Sultanate of
Demak, who was already destroyed several Hindu kingdom. In return, the Portuguese got a commodity pepper. But apparently, the Portuguese did not keep their promises.In
1526, the Port of Sunda Kalapa attacked by troops under the command of
Fatahillah Demak, a commander allied with the Demak Cirebon. Fatahillah conquered Sunda Kalapa on June 22, 1527. Fatahillah Sunda Kalapa then changed his name to Jayakarta, meaning "complete victory". Until now June 22 is celebrated as the birthday of the city.
Being from the White Rose of BataviaPieterzoon January 1619, Coen, a Dutchman, had occupied the White Rose, and changed his name to Batavia. Batavia comes from the name of the tribe who inhabited the city Batavia, but there is also a version that says that Batavia coming from a region in the Netherlands.January Pieterzoon Coen ambition is to make Batavia as a trading center in Asia Pacific. He applied the same system of government in his native country in the city of Batavia is.As a second person who controls the activities of the VOC in Asia, Jan Coen Pieterzoon determined to uphold the supremacy of the whole city. He wants to make Batavia as a meeting place for the Dutch ships, the main port for the storage of goods, and the center of the VOC in the East Indies.All orders and policies for the entire region of the VOC in Asia created and established in Batavia and all the important institutions of the VOC in Asia such as Governing Council of Asia, the high court, keeping the head office and warehouses located in Batavia.
History House Museum of History of JakartaIn 1620, Jan Coen founded Pieterzoon Stadhuis (town hall). This town hall is now known as the Jakarta History Museum. Less than 6 years, the building was attacked by the forces of Sultan Agung of Mataram Kingdom. As a result the building was badly damaged.New in Mataram in 1627 after troops repelled back by the Dutch, the Dutch re-established the building and survived until the year 1705.Due VOC think this is too simple to buildings as grand and rich as the city of Batavia, it was decided to rebuild this city hall. Laying the first stone by Wilhelmina Petronella Van Hoorn, who was the governor's daughter Joan van Hoorn. In 1710, this building was completed and inaugurated by the Governor General Abraham van Riebeeck.Stadhuis used as a place to take care purposes such as marriages registered citizens, convene, as a shelter orphaned children, as a prison, and as a place of punishment Implementation, both whipping and capital punishment.Architecture BuildingThese buildings have two floors, which in the beginning, the first floor serves as the administrative activities, and the second floor serves as a court.On the second floor of the building, there is a glass painting depicting the story of King Solomon's wisdom when faced with two mothers who fight over a baby.Stadhuis buildings in Jakarta has a resemblance to Paleis op de Dam (Dam's palace) who stood Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Paleis op de Dam buildings designed by Jacob van Campen as the Amsterdam city hall, in addition, another town in the Netherlands who also has a similar town hall town hall that stood in Batavia in his time was Maastricth town hall.Chinese community in BataviaAround the year 1600-1700's, Chinese people have a lot of the newcomers settled in Batavia. Their relationship with the locals said to be quite good. Most of them do the trade. Their average success in the business world. Once the rapid arrivals of the Bamboo Curtain country, the Netherlands require implementing legislation in which the Chinese have to report to the Netherlands if they wanted to live in Batavia.Increasingly, regulation is increasingly urgent Chinese citizens. To a peak, in 1740, Chinese citizens in revolt in the Netherlands. Unfortunately, they have surrendered on the Netherlands.In 1740 is one of the dark history of Chinese people in Jakarta. In that year occurred the massacre of Chinese citizens by the Dutch. One of the places of execution of the Chinese people are on the front page Stadhuis.
From Stadhuis The Jakarta History MuseumJakarta History Museum was inaugurated by Governor of Jakarta, Mr Ali Sadikin on March 30, 1974. Batavia Foundation who first proposed the plan to establish a museum on the history of Batavia.Batavia Foundation or Bataviaasche Genootschap a foundation for the arts and sciences and one of the intellectual organization of the oldest in Asia. Founded 22 April 1778 by Cornelis Jacobus Mattheus Radermacher. One member of the famous Genootschap Bataviaasche is Raden Saleh.At first, the Jakarta History Museum occupies the building has not been ex-Stadhuis these, but occupy the building now used as the Museum Wayang.Puppet Museum building itself was originally a Dutch church, but the building that stands now is not the original building, because the original building was destroyed by an earthquake.Hermes, The GuardianIn the backyard of the museum is a statue of Hermes, who according to Greek mythology is the statue of luck and patron of merchants. Initially the statue was not here, but on the bridge Harmony. Hermes statue came from a family of Ernst Stolz as a sign of gratitude to the government of Batavia for the opportunity to trade gained in the Netherlands Indies.Statue of Hermes who was on the bridge Harmony (smaller size) are currently only a replica only.Punishment in the Colonial PeriodIn the backyard Stadhuis, when we descended the stairs, we can still see the old buildings that are intended as a dungeon. People who've felt the cold and darkness of the dungeon in Stadhuis Diponegoro Batavia, among others, Untung Surapati, and a large number of Chinese residents who were captured during the rebellion in 1740.The number of prisoners incarcerated Stadhuis often exceeds the capacity of prison space is always so crowded. This dungeon is finally closed in 1846.These cells are only receiving light prison outside of bars on the front which also serves as a vent. The prisoners are serving sentences with a heavy iron chain tied his legs so he could not escape.Stadhuis prison complex is divided in two, the west wing for the civilians, while the east wing for military prisoners.There are different types of penalties imposed by the VOC, namuan punishment distinguished between Europeans and non-European.They are accused of a crime will be arrested and put in jail pending a court decision. The judge can sentence a very light as only obliged to pay the fine, but can also be very heavy, ie the death penalty.Punishment is usually applied to the army was humiliated by the defendant to enter into an iron cage and then paraded in front of city hall.There is also a punishment known as the wooden horse punishment (het Houten paard). Het Houten paard a torture device that is placed under the tamarind trees in a military prison. The shape sepertu piggyback with the back filled with sharp iron. The condemned are often ordered to ride "horse" is up for days and their legs are also hung with stone ballast. The general public is allowed to watch when the punishment takes place.In addition, there are penalties swing, where employees of the Company who are guilty be punished by the feet and hands were tied and then pulled up, then allowed to fall to hang.The robust, Fertility SymbolStill on the back page of this museum, there is a cannon whose name the robust cannon. This cannon was made in Macao, brought to Malacca by the Portuguese fleet was still in control of Malacca. Dutch fleet in 1641 brought this cannon to Batavia. In almond cannon have the words "Ex IPSA Renata me sum" which means 'from myself, I was born'. It was said that this gun is a symbol of fertility, perhaps because of writing and form a fist with the thumb tucked between the index finger and middle finger are on the gun body weight.Legend cannon stored in them is the story of robust Si King Pajajaran who has a beautiful daughter who contracted a strange disease. From the crotch out of a magic beam that every prince who comes to mempersuntingnya the attack. The King then make a contest to find someone who could cure the princess. Almost all the healers and the smart people in the region Pajajaran these contests, but none who managed to cure the princess. Until one day, came the messenger of the Company who offer themselves. The king agreed with a condition, that the Company should submit three cannon. Terms tersebt approved, and a third cannon was given to the King. Cannon was named Ki Amuk, Nyai Setomi, and Si robust.While the version of written history, the cannon was made in a factory weapons St. Jago de Barra in Macao, China, by a Portuguese. This cannon was placed in the Castle of Batavia to maintain the harbor and city.
Jayakarta name was changed to Batavia. Batavia is the natural state of swampy country like the Netherlands, their homeland. They also build canals to protect Batavia from the threat of flooding. City government activities are centered around the field, located about 500 meters from the airport. They built elegant town hall, which is the position of the center of the city government of Batavia. Gradually the city developed to the south of Batavia. The rapid growth resulted in a state lilngkungan easily damaged, so the Dutch authorities forced the government to move the center of the higher lying areas. This area called Weltevreden. The spirit of nationalism in Indonesia decides to by students in Batavia at the beginning of the 20th century.
A historic decision in 1928 which triggered the Youth Pledge statement contains three items, namely landless water one, one nation, and upholding the national language: Indonesian. During the Japanese occupation period (1942-1945), the name changed again to Jakarta Batavia. On August 17, 1945 Ir. Proclamation of Independence read Sukarno of Indonesia in Jakarta and the Saka Red and White for the first time flown. Indonesia's sovereignty was officially recognized in 1949. At that time Indonesia is also a member of the United Nations (UN). In 1966, the capital Jakarta to obtain official name the Republic of Indonesia. This prompted the pace of construction of government office buildings and embassies of friendly countries. The rapid development requires a master plan to manage the growth of the city. Since 1966, Jakarta grown steadily into a modern metropolis. The following cultural richness of dynamic growth is a significant contribution to Jakarta to be one of the leading metropolis in the 21st century.* The 14th century as a port named Sunda Kelapa Pajajaran Kingdom.* June 22, 1527 by Fatahilah, changed its name to Jayakarta (the date is set as the anniversary of Jakarta city while No. DPR decision. 6/D/K/1956).* March 4, 1621 by the Dutch government for the first time a town called Batavia Stad.* 1 April 1905 changed its name to 'Gemeente Batavia'.* January 8, 1935 changed its name to Gemeente Batavia Stad.* August 8, 1942 by Japanese renamed Jakarta Stores Betsu Shi.* September 1945 the city was named the National Government of Jakarta City.* February 20, 1950 in the Government. Federal Pre Gemeente changed its name to Batavia Stad.* March 24, 1950 was changed to City Praj'a Jakarta.* January 18, 1958 the position of Brussels as an autonomous region called Djakarta Raya Township.* In 1961 the PP. 2 of Law No. 1961 jo. 2 PNPS 1961 established the Regional Government of Andhra Pradesh.* August 31, 1964 by Act no. 10 in 1964 declared the Special Region of Andhra Pradesh remained as the capital of the Republic of Indonesia with the name of Jakarta.* Tahun1999, melalaui uu no 34 year 1999 about specific areas of the provincial government of the Republic of Indonesia's capital Jakarta, as the government turns into the city administration, with otoniminya remain at provincial level and not on wilyah city, but it wiolyah dki Jakarta is divided into 6 (5 municipalities and one district administrative thousand islands)* Act No. 29 of 2007 regarding the Government of the Province of Special Capital Region of Jakarta as the Capital of Republic of Indonesia (State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia Year 2005 Number 140, Additional State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia Number 4700)
History Museum Jakarta
Being from the White Rose of BataviaPieterzoon January 1619, Coen, a Dutchman, had occupied the White Rose, and changed his name to Batavia. Batavia comes from the name of the tribe who inhabited the city Batavia, but there is also a version that says that Batavia coming from a region in the Netherlands.January Pieterzoon Coen ambition is to make Batavia as a trading center in Asia Pacific. He applied the same system of government in his native country in the city of Batavia is.As a second person who controls the activities of the VOC in Asia, Jan Coen Pieterzoon determined to uphold the supremacy of the whole city. He wants to make Batavia as a meeting place for the Dutch ships, the main port for the storage of goods, and the center of the VOC in the East Indies.All orders and policies for the entire region of the VOC in Asia created and established in Batavia and all the important institutions of the VOC in Asia such as Governing Council of Asia, the high court, keeping the head office and warehouses located in Batavia.
History House Museum of History of JakartaIn 1620, Jan Coen founded Pieterzoon Stadhuis (town hall). This town hall is now known as the Jakarta History Museum. Less than 6 years, the building was attacked by the forces of Sultan Agung of Mataram Kingdom. As a result the building was badly damaged.New in Mataram in 1627 after troops repelled back by the Dutch, the Dutch re-established the building and survived until the year 1705.Due VOC think this is too simple to buildings as grand and rich as the city of Batavia, it was decided to rebuild this city hall. Laying the first stone by Wilhelmina Petronella Van Hoorn, who was the governor's daughter Joan van Hoorn. In 1710, this building was completed and inaugurated by the Governor General Abraham van Riebeeck.Stadhuis used as a place to take care purposes such as marriages registered citizens, convene, as a shelter orphaned children, as a prison, and as a place of punishment Implementation, both whipping and capital punishment.Architecture BuildingThese buildings have two floors, which in the beginning, the first floor serves as the administrative activities, and the second floor serves as a court.On the second floor of the building, there is a glass painting depicting the story of King Solomon's wisdom when faced with two mothers who fight over a baby.Stadhuis buildings in Jakarta has a resemblance to Paleis op de Dam (Dam's palace) who stood Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Paleis op de Dam buildings designed by Jacob van Campen as the Amsterdam city hall, in addition, another town in the Netherlands who also has a similar town hall town hall that stood in Batavia in his time was Maastricth town hall.Chinese community in BataviaAround the year 1600-1700's, Chinese people have a lot of the newcomers settled in Batavia. Their relationship with the locals said to be quite good. Most of them do the trade. Their average success in the business world. Once the rapid arrivals of the Bamboo Curtain country, the Netherlands require implementing legislation in which the Chinese have to report to the Netherlands if they wanted to live in Batavia.Increasingly, regulation is increasingly urgent Chinese citizens. To a peak, in 1740, Chinese citizens in revolt in the Netherlands. Unfortunately, they have surrendered on the Netherlands.In 1740 is one of the dark history of Chinese people in Jakarta. In that year occurred the massacre of Chinese citizens by the Dutch. One of the places of execution of the Chinese people are on the front page Stadhuis.
From Stadhuis The Jakarta History MuseumJakarta History Museum was inaugurated by Governor of Jakarta, Mr Ali Sadikin on March 30, 1974. Batavia Foundation who first proposed the plan to establish a museum on the history of Batavia.Batavia Foundation or Bataviaasche Genootschap a foundation for the arts and sciences and one of the intellectual organization of the oldest in Asia. Founded 22 April 1778 by Cornelis Jacobus Mattheus Radermacher. One member of the famous Genootschap Bataviaasche is Raden Saleh.At first, the Jakarta History Museum occupies the building has not been ex-Stadhuis these, but occupy the building now used as the Museum Wayang.Puppet Museum building itself was originally a Dutch church, but the building that stands now is not the original building, because the original building was destroyed by an earthquake.Hermes, The GuardianIn the backyard of the museum is a statue of Hermes, who according to Greek mythology is the statue of luck and patron of merchants. Initially the statue was not here, but on the bridge Harmony. Hermes statue came from a family of Ernst Stolz as a sign of gratitude to the government of Batavia for the opportunity to trade gained in the Netherlands Indies.Statue of Hermes who was on the bridge Harmony (smaller size) are currently only a replica only.Punishment in the Colonial PeriodIn the backyard Stadhuis, when we descended the stairs, we can still see the old buildings that are intended as a dungeon. People who've felt the cold and darkness of the dungeon in Stadhuis Diponegoro Batavia, among others, Untung Surapati, and a large number of Chinese residents who were captured during the rebellion in 1740.The number of prisoners incarcerated Stadhuis often exceeds the capacity of prison space is always so crowded. This dungeon is finally closed in 1846.These cells are only receiving light prison outside of bars on the front which also serves as a vent. The prisoners are serving sentences with a heavy iron chain tied his legs so he could not escape.Stadhuis prison complex is divided in two, the west wing for the civilians, while the east wing for military prisoners.There are different types of penalties imposed by the VOC, namuan punishment distinguished between Europeans and non-European.They are accused of a crime will be arrested and put in jail pending a court decision. The judge can sentence a very light as only obliged to pay the fine, but can also be very heavy, ie the death penalty.Punishment is usually applied to the army was humiliated by the defendant to enter into an iron cage and then paraded in front of city hall.There is also a punishment known as the wooden horse punishment (het Houten paard). Het Houten paard a torture device that is placed under the tamarind trees in a military prison. The shape sepertu piggyback with the back filled with sharp iron. The condemned are often ordered to ride "horse" is up for days and their legs are also hung with stone ballast. The general public is allowed to watch when the punishment takes place.In addition, there are penalties swing, where employees of the Company who are guilty be punished by the feet and hands were tied and then pulled up, then allowed to fall to hang.The robust, Fertility SymbolStill on the back page of this museum, there is a cannon whose name the robust cannon. This cannon was made in Macao, brought to Malacca by the Portuguese fleet was still in control of Malacca. Dutch fleet in 1641 brought this cannon to Batavia. In almond cannon have the words "Ex IPSA Renata me sum" which means 'from myself, I was born'. It was said that this gun is a symbol of fertility, perhaps because of writing and form a fist with the thumb tucked between the index finger and middle finger are on the gun body weight.Legend cannon stored in them is the story of robust Si King Pajajaran who has a beautiful daughter who contracted a strange disease. From the crotch out of a magic beam that every prince who comes to mempersuntingnya the attack. The King then make a contest to find someone who could cure the princess. Almost all the healers and the smart people in the region Pajajaran these contests, but none who managed to cure the princess. Until one day, came the messenger of the Company who offer themselves. The king agreed with a condition, that the Company should submit three cannon. Terms tersebt approved, and a third cannon was given to the King. Cannon was named Ki Amuk, Nyai Setomi, and Si robust.While the version of written history, the cannon was made in a factory weapons St. Jago de Barra in Macao, China, by a Portuguese. This cannon was placed in the Castle of Batavia to maintain the harbor and city.
